Hip joint osteoarthritis is a complex disease with specific symptoms and complex treatment.The disease occurs in the context of metabolic disorders in the cartilaginous tissue of the joint cavity and the head of the femur.
Hip joint osteoarthritis or cookyrosis is more common in the elderly.In general, it is accepted that an inflammatory reaction plays the main role in the pathogenesis of the disease.After a lot of studies, it was shown that osteoarthritis occurs with atherosclerosis and diseases with metabolic disorders.
The essence of the disease
Cooksarrosis is a disease based on metabolic disorders with atrophic and degenerative changes in the cartilage tissue of the hip joint.
It cannot confuse osteoarthritis with arthritis.Unlike arthritic arthritis, non -infectious (aseptic) inflammation occurs, which develops and progresses for many years.
Development pathogenesis:
- Violation of metabolic processes in the cartilage.Cartilage tissue receives nutrients using diffusion.The slightest inflammation or edema leads to the lack of trace elements and minerals.
- In the context of the processes with nutritional disabilities, atrophic changes begin, the tissue of the cartilage is refined, the amount of joint fluid and condroblasts decreases.
- Due to the madness and destruction of the cartilage, severe pain begins, there is a decrease in the amplitude of the joint movements.
- The cartilage fabric is very sophisticated, the fabulous fragmentation is narrowing, joint dystrophy occurs.
Until the beginning of dystrophy, for more than a year it takes place.The disease can only be stopped in the early stages, with the development of the third stage of osteoarthrosis, the treatment aims to reduce symptoms and allege the patient's life, an alternative to medications: endoprostic.
Reasons
The disease is poleetiological, there are many conditions and factors that can lead to osteoarthritis or cause its progression.If the causes of the osteoarthritis of the hip joint are not detected, this disease is called idiopathic osteoarthritis.
The disease is not hereditary, but the genetic pathologies in which cartilage dysplasia can cause osteoarthritis of the hip joint.
In addition, the cause of cookardrosis can be such diseases:
- Pertes Syndrome: A characteristic sign of the disease is a violation of the delivery of nutrients to the cartilage tissue of the joint and femoral head.It occurs in childhood, mainly children are sick.
- Congenital dislocations and subluxation of the femur.In the lesion process, an inflammatory reaction and the aseptic fusion of the femoral cartilage and the femoral head can occur.
- Necrosis of the femoral head.It occurs due to the damage to the upper artery, which is linked to the top of the head.
- Rheumatoid and youth arthritis.In the context of the action of own toxins or antibodies, exudative inflammation is developed in the joint.
Given the fact that the disease progresses slowly, the ailment can be on one side and two.
There are many factors that contribute to the appearance of osteoarthritis, include:
- column diseases (kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis);
- Metabolic diseases of connective tissue;
- violation of the blood supply to the joint;
- Atherosclerosis of large vessels;
- stress states;
- hip dysplasia;
- Congenital deformations of the lower extremities;
- infectious diseases;
- inactive lifestyle;
- alcohol intake, smoking;
- elderly age.
Do not forget that people who dedicate themselves to stretching have a great risk of developing osteoarthritis in adulthood.
In addition, one of the reasons can be traumatic damage to the components of the joint.After the tissue damage occurs, an inflammatory reaction occurs, as a result of which the cartilage can be replaced by connective.
Symptoms
Due to the fact that the disease is slowly progressing, the patient does not always pay attention to their first signs.It should be noted that with early diagnosis, the possibilities of remission of the disease increase.It is very important to start treatment before, since in this way it is possible to avoid the appearance of complete ankylosis and osteoarthrosis.
With the osteoarthritis of the hip joint, the symptoms can occur with different intensities depending on the loads and the degree of the disease.
Clinical image of the hip joint osteoarthritis:
- Painful sensations that grow in severe pain in the front and side of the thigh.Patients complain that the thigh hurts a lot during the turn or load in the joint.
- The unpleasant sensations that arise in the groin when walking, sometimes combine with pain in the thigh.
- The rigidity and limitation of limb mobility in the hip joint.First, the function of putting aside suffers, and then to everyone else.
- Unpleasant sounds when walking, the joint can click or creak.Constant pathological sounds can be the only sign of the disease.
- Morning rigidity, which passes in a couple of hours or before dinner.
Sometimes ignoring the possible consequences, people begin to take medications for symptomatic therapy and, therefore, mask the progression of the process of destruction in the cartilage.
Degree of disease
The clinical image depends on the degree of osteoarthritis of the hip joint and the reactivity of the patient's body.If symptoms occur, as a rule, the changes occur in X -rays.In medical practice, it is usual to distinguish three radiological stages, each of which has its own characteristics.
The degree of osteoarthritis regarding changes in X -rays:
First degree osteoarthritis
It proceeds with minimal clinical manifestations and, therefore, patients rarely seek help from a doctor.With an early diagnosis of the disease, the patient increases the possibilities of complete recovery.The initial period of the disease is characterized by small pains in the pelvis and thigh, pain increases in the context of physical effort or prolonged walk.Secondly, in terms of manifestation frequency, a symptom of groin pain comes.In 1 grade, the pain is thrown and rarely occurs.The volume of movements is completely preserved.In an X line, minor changes are visualized.
Second grade
In the case of a second degree, the patient begins to bother more acute and frequent pain that can occur at rest.The symptoms, as a rule, are manifested in the afternoon, and morning stiffness does not pass until dinner.During prolonged transitions, there is a limp symptom, a person cannot completely load the sick joint.The discomfort occurs during flexion or squats, degenerative processes progress in cartilage.At the bottom of such changes, the leg can be shortened, atrophy of the mushrooms of the hip and the pelvis occurs.In radiographs, a narrowing of the articular gap is seen, a periostal reaction grows.There is a large number of osteophytes in the articulation light.
Third final or diffuse stage of osteoarthritis
The third stage is characterized by the appearance of motor dysfunction of the lower extremities.The patient complains of constant pain, which occurs for no reason.There is a shortening of the limb more than 5%, anquilosis occurs, the joint loses mobility capacity.The radiography shows the complete closure of the joint gap and a large number of osteophytes at the bottom of bone deformation.Third grade treatment is carried out only by operational form.
Treatment methods
The choice of methodology for treatment depends on the degree of osteoarthritis.In the early stages, comprehensive conservative treatment is used.The most difficult is the second stage, since conservative therapy is ineffective, and the indications for the operation are not enough.It is completely possible to cure osteoarthritis only with the development of the first degree of the disease.
After making a diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the hip joint, the doctor chooses the treatment methods.The most used:
- conservative drug treatment;
- surgical treatment;
- Exercise and massage therapy.
Each of the treatment methods has its own specific characteristics, variations and objectives.Conservative therapy is used for such purposes:
- The fight against the etiological factor.For example, metabolic or hormonal disorders can be corrected.
- The symptomatic treatment aimed to relieve the patient's life and relieve alliteration symptoms.For this purpose, non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs are used.Most of the time, the sodium diclofenac, the nimesulide, the ibuprofen are used from NSAIDs.
To get rid of constant pain, NSAIDs are taken almost every day, and this can affect the patient's gastrointestinal tract and cause the development of peptic ulcer.
Surgical intervention is indicated with the third degree of osteoarthritis and is the only method to restore the walking function.The essence of the methodology is the complete or partial replacement of the articulation joints with titanium endoprosis.
Media physical education is an integral part of any rehabilitation measure.Exercise therapy and massage aim to improve blood flow in the joint.In addition, exercise therapy is used to reduce the risk of ankylosis.
You must be careful when performing exercises, since you can damage articular osteophytes.Tactics and exercises must be selected by a doctor depending on their individual characteristics and their clinical images of the disease.